|  | Deceit & MisrepresentationThe Techniques of Holocaust Denial
 Appendix 2Historical sources and the Auschwitz death toll estimates
 
 Auschwitz Death Tolls in Western Sources  Research: Brian Harmon  Further Research: John Drobnicki  
         
          | Source 
              of Estimate | Estimate |   
          | "Auschwitz." 
              The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, 1980.  | (2.5 
              million) |   
          | Bauer, Yehuda. 
              A History of the Holocaust. New York: F. Watts. 1982. p. 215. | (1.5 to 
              3.5 million.) |   
          | ______. 
              "Danger of Distortion, Poles and Jews alike are supplying those 
              who deny the Holocaust with the best possible arguments," Jerusalem 
              Post, 30 Sep 1989. | (1.6 million) |   
          | ______. 
              "Foreword," in Müller, Filip. Eyewitness Auschwitz. New York: Stein 
              and Day, 1979, p. xi.  | (exact figure 
              unknown, but estimated 3.5 million) |   
          | Billig, 
              Joseph. Les camps de concentration dans l'economie du Reich hitlerien. 
              Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1973. pp. 101-102. | (2 million) |   
          | Dawidowicz, 
              Lucy. The War Against the Jews. New York: Bantam Books, 1979, p. 
              191. | (1.1 million) |   
          | Encyclopedia 
              Judaica, Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, 1974. p. 855. | (1 to 2.5 
              million) |   
          | Friedman, 
              Filip. This Was Oswiecim: The Story of a Murder Camp. Translated 
              from the Yiddish original by Joseph Leftwich. London: The United 
              Jewish Relief Appeal, 1946, p. 14. | (4 to 5 
              million) |   
          | Gilbert, 
              Martin. Atlas of the Holocaust. New York: Pergamon Press, 1988. | (Total Polish 
              dead 3 million) |   
          | Hilberg, 
              Raul. The Destruction of the European Jews. Chicago: Quadrangle 
              Books, 1961, p. 572.  | (1 million) |   
          | Höss, Rudolf. 
              Death Dealer: The Memoirs of the SS Kommandant of Auschwitz. ed. 
              by Steven J. Palusky, trans. by Andrew Pollinger. Buffalo: Prometheus 
              Books, 1992, p. 391. | (1.13 million) |   
          | Kamenetksy, 
              Ihor. Secret Nazi Plans for Eastern Europe. New Haven: College and 
              University Press, 1961, p. 174. | (About 2.5 
              million) |   
          | Lane, Arthur 
              Bliss. Saw Poland Betrayed: An American Ambassador Reports to the 
              American People. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1948, 
              p. 39 | (Over 3 
              million) |   
          | Kogon, Eugen. 
              Der SS Staat. Berlin, 1974, p. 157. | (3.5 to 
              4.5 million) |   
          | Piper, Franciszek. 
              "The Number of Victims" in Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. 
              Washington D.C and Bloomington: United States Holocaust Memorial 
              Museum and Indiana University Press, 1994, pp. 68-72. | (1.1 million) |   
          | Polaikov, 
              Leon. Harvest of Hate Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1956, 
              p. 202. | (2.3 million) |   
          | Reitlinger, 
              Gerald. The Final Solution: The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews 
              of Europe, 1939-1945. South Brunswick: T. Yoseloff, 1968, p. 500. | (0.8 to 
              0.9 million) |   
          | Sofsky, 
              Wolfgang. The Order of Terror: The Concentration Camp. Trans. William 
              Templer. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997, p. 43 in Galleys. | (1.1 million) |   
          | Sweibocka, 
              Teresa. Auschwitz: A History in Photographs. Bloomington and Warsaw: 
              Indiana University Press and Ksiazka I Wiedza, 1993, pp. 287-288. | (1.1 to 
              1.5 million) |   
          | Weiss, A. 
              "Categories of Camps, Their character and Role in the Execution 
              of the Final Solution of the Jewish Question," in The Nazi Concentration 
              Camps, Jerusalem: Yad Veshem, 1984, pp. 132. | (1.2 to 
              2.5 million) |   
          | Wellers, 
              Georges. "Essai de determination du nombre de morts au camp d'Auschwitz" 
              Le Monde Juif, Oct-Dec 1983, pp. 127-159. | (1.6 million) |   
          | Studies 
              from Poland, former East Germany, and former Czechoslovakia |   
          | These generally 
              cite the findings of the Soviet Commission, | (4 million) |   
          | the 
              Supreme National Tribunal in Poland | (2.8 
              to 4 million) |   
          | or 
              the testimony of Auschwitz Kommandant Rudolf Höss. | (3 
              million) |   
          | "Brestrafung 
              der Verbrecher von Auschwitz," in Auschwitz: Geschichte und Wirklichkeit 
              des Vernichtungslagers. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowolt, 1980, p. 211. | (2.5 to 
              4 million) |   
          | Czech, D. 
              "Konzentrationslager Auschwitz: Abriss der Geschichte," in Auschwitz: 
              Geschichte und Wirklichkeit des Konzentrationslagers. Reinbek bei 
              Hamburg: Rowolt, 1980, p. 42. | (2.5 to 
              4 million) |   
          | Dunin-Wasowicz, 
              Krzysztof. Resistance in the Nazi concentration camps, 1933-1945. 
              Warsaw: PWN-Polish Scientific Publishers, 1982, p. 44. | (2.5 to 
              4 million) |   
          | Madajczyk, 
              Czeslaw. Polityka III Rzeszy w okupowanej Polsce; okupacja Polski, 
              1939-1945. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawn Naukowe, 1970, pp. 293-94. | (2.8 to 
              4 million) |   
          | Obozy hitlerowskie 
              na ziemiach polskich 1939-1945: informator encyklopedyczny. Warsaw: 
              Panst. Wydaw. Naukowe DSP, 1979, p. 369. | (2.5 to 
              4 million.) |  |